A highway is a path of public domain, designed and built primarily for motor vehicles. It differs from a simple way since it is specially designed for the circulation of vehicles. In some countries of Latin America such as Argentina and Uruguay , are known as paths. Road construction requires the creation of a continuous surface that spans geographical barriers and take a sufficient slope to allow vehicles or pedestrians when the law circular.Y set must meet a series of regulations and laws or official guidelines are not mandatory. The process sometimes begins with the removal of vegetation (clearing) and soil and rock by digging or blasting, construction of embankments, bridges and tunnels, followed by the spread of the pavement. There are a variety of earthmoving equipment that is specific to the construction of roads.
The road design should be done considering the terrain, the environmental and social impacts such as expropriation, planning, traffic, economy and financing of the work and legal considerations. The route should take care that the vehicle can maintain a given speed as it passes through the route, which is called the design speed, once known it can be studied if the traffic is flowing or not at the time of the opening or centrifugal acceleration perceived by the traveler will be right or it will be necessary adjust the depth cornering. It will be important also to study the visibility that is the driver of the track and the possibility exists to stop before encountering the obstacle. This study will further assess the overtaking if any. Also take into account environmental issues such as:
natural barrier exerted to wild populations of animals that can no longer be in touch.
drainage will be required to cross rivers and streams flowing through troughs are not interrupted by the banks. To prevent these currents are reactivated and the road will crumble required the construction of cross drainage works and culverts . These works will be sized to transport the waters of the largest possible storms in the period of durability of the road, say 100 years [
longitudinal drainage involving the design of the gutters to prevent water access to the surface of the road. If there is a layer of water on the road the car tires could lose contact with the asphalt and hydroplaning. This phenomenon is called hydroplaning .
The old road surfaces, fences, and buildings in the trace need be removed before construction begins, what is called clearing. Pipes and conduits also require a special study are generally not known for their exact position. Trees should be left to hold water or be displaced if not impede visibility. Avoid affect the soil surrounding the trees we have protected to keep it healthy. Topsoil should be removed from the building and that can not withstand traffic loads and affects the airway resistance to the withdrawal of soil is called clearing. The interesting thing will be set aside and available afterwards on the sea wall to protect the embankments from erosion superficial.
The longer process is given by the movement of land to build the road surface. The areas where the ground will be raised embankments and cut sections where the field is the logging. According to the hardness of the terrain and interest income that will be used to obtain a particular earth-moving machinery, or if not possible, use blast. The widespread of the layers will be accompanied by a compaction process to increase the bearing capacity of the land. The set will be leveled and will be refined to extend beyond improved subgrade layer and firm. The construction ends with the placement of vertical and horizontal signaling .
Like any structure, road maintenance free. The impairment is primarily caused by the passage of vehicles but also affected by weather conditions: rain, thermal expansion and oxidation.